These Top Nutrients For Skin Are Sure-Fire Formulas That Will Boost & Protect Your Skin Forever
People often ask me about what are the top nutrients for skin that can transform their skin for their Summer.
Unfortunately there isn’t just one “cure-all” miracle food.
Nutrients work synergistically so one without another isn’t going to do a lot.
However, when summer and sunshine days are upon us and, with that, numerous calls for the use of sunscreen is somehow a necessity.
Unfortunately, most sunscreens contain toxic ingredients that your skin easily absorbs and they can jeopardize your health.
The good news is you can support healthy skin and protect it from ultraviolet damage from the inside.
Scientists have identified several nutrients that have UV protective activity which can reduce your risk of sunburn and related skin damage.
Here, I’ll review the top contenders: astaxanthin, lycopene and beta carotene, vitamins D and E, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).
Top Nutrients For Skin No.1: Astaxanthin — Most Potent Nature-Made Sunscreen
Astaxanthin, one of nature’s most potent antioxidants, has been shown to offer significant protection against UV radiation damage by acting as internal sunscreen.
It has very strong free radical scavenging activity that protects your cells, organs and body tissues from oxidative damage.
Microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis produces astaxanthin when its water supply dries up. Thus forcing it to protect itself from ultraviolet radiation.
Astaxanthin is essentially the algae’s survival mechanism
It is this “radiation shield” that explains how astaxanthin can protect you from similar radiation. Thereby helping prevent skin photo-aging and wrinkles.
As noted in a 2010 study:
“Repetitive exposure of the skin to UVA radiation elicits sagging more frequently than wrinkling. This is mainly because of its biochemical mechanism to up-regulate the expression of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. And also skin fibroblast elastase (SFE)/neutral endopeptidase (NEP), respectively.
In this study, we examined the effects of a potent antioxidant, astaxanthin (AX), on the induction of MMP-1 and SFE by UVA treatment of cultured human dermal fibroblasts …
UVA radiation elicited a significant increase in the gene expression of MMP-1 as well as SFE/NEP (to a lesser extent)…
…which experienced distinct increases in their protein and enzymatic activity levels …
These findings indicate that, based on different effective concentrations of AX, a major mode of action leading to the inhibition elicited by AX depends on inhibition of UVA effects of the reactive oxygen species-directed signalling cascade. But not on interruption of the IL-6-mediated signalling cascade.
We hypothesize that AX would have a significant benefit on protecting against UVA-induced skin photo-aging such as sagging and wrinkles.”
A second paper, “Cosmetic Benefits of Astaxanthin on Human Subjects” became public online in 2012. It noted a combination of 6 milligrams taken internally.
The application of about 2 milliliters per day of topical astaxanthin took place. This led to “significant improvements” in skin wrinkling, age spots and skin elasticity, texture and moisture content by week eight.
Astaxanthin Protects Against UV-Induced Cell Death
When it comes to UV radiation protection, astaxanthin specifically helps protect against UV-induced cell death.
Unlike topical sun block, astaxanthin does not actually block UV rays,. So it doesn’t prevent UVB from converting into vitamin D in your skin; it simply protects your skin against damage.
This protective effect is so potent studies even show it helps protect against:
- Total body irradiation, primarily by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species and reducing cell apoptosis (programmed cell death)
- Burn-wound progression, by reducing oxidative stress-induced inflammation and mitochondrial-related apoptosis
Cyanotech Corporation funded a study through an independent consumer research laboratory.
They measured the skin’s resistance to both UVA and UVB light, before and after astaxanthin supplementation.
After taking 4 mg of astaxanthin per day for two weeks, subjects showed a significant increase in the amount of time necessary for UV radiation to redden their skin.
According to the authors:
“Results ranged from over 50% more energy needed to burn the skin on some subjects to little or no effect on some subjects.
The average of all subjects was approximately 20% more energy, a statistically significant improvement.”
Animal studies lend further evidence to astaxanthin’s effects as an internal sunscreen.
For example, in a 1998 in vitro study using fibroblasts from rat kidneys, beta-carotene, lutein and astaxanthin were all found to protect against UVA-induced oxidative stress. In this case “with astaxanthin exhibiting superior protective properties.”
Another study demonstrated the UV protective properties of other carotenoids: lutein and zeaxanthin
Here, lutein and zeaxanthin proved to provide a fourfold increase in protection when taken internally. And a six fold increase when used topically as well as internally.
Many athletes report astaxanthin allows them to stay in the sun for longer periods of time without feeling ill and without burning. Less burning also means lower skin cancer risk.
For general skin health and protection against the sun, a daily dose of 4 mg is likely sufficient.
Although if you’re an outdoors man or athlete who exercises outdoors on a regular basis, you may consider a dose between 8 mg and 12 mg/day.
At which you’ll also start reaping benefits in exercise performance and recovery.
Top Nutrients For Skin No.2: Lycopene and Beta Carotene Also Improve Skin’s Natural SPF
Lycopene also acts as an internal sunscreen, although it’s not nearly as protective as astaxanthin.
A study published in 2001 found tomato paste helped protect fair-skinned individuals with a tendency to burn rather than tan.
Nineteen men and women with fair complexions, blue eyes and light-colored hair had to add either 10 grams of olive oil or a combination of 10 grams of olive oil plus 40 grams of tomato paste (about 5 tablespoons or half a small can) to their daily diet.
Previous work by this research team had shown cooking improves the bio-availability of lycopene in tomatoes; hence the use of tomato paste in this study.
The oil further facilitates your body’s uptake of the nutrient.
During the 10-week trial, the researchers periodically tested the participants’ tolerance to sunlight. They achieved this by irradiating a small patch of skin on their backs with a sun lamp. And they saw how long it took for reddening (erythema) to occur.
The olive oil only group experienced no change in tolerance over the course of the study.
But those who ate oil and tomato paste combo experienced 40% less reddening at the end of the 10 weeks compared to the first four weeks.
According to the authors…
“The data demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve protection against UV light-induced erythema by ingestion of a commonly consumed dietary source of lycopene.”
Similarly, a 2008 systematic review of feeding studies evaluating the effectiveness of beta carotene for the protection against sunburn concluded that:
” … (1) Beta-carotene supplementation protects against sunburn and (2) the study duration had a significant influence on the effected size.
Regression plot analysis revealed that protection required a minimum of 10 weeks of supplementation.
With a mean increase of the protective effect of 0.5 standard deviations.
This measurement took place with every additional month of supplementation.
Thus, dietary supplementation of humans with beta-carotene provides protection against sunburn in a time-dependent manner.”
Top Nutrients For Skin No.3: Vitamin D Lowers Skin Cancer Risk
If you’re like most people, you’ve probably fallen for the misguided advice from most dermatologists and public health officials to stay out of the sun to avoid skin cancer.
Unfortunately, total sun avoidance is inadvisable, as it can actually increase your risk rather than lower it.
In a nutshell, the vitamin D your body produces in response to UVB radiation helps protect against melanoma. As noted in one Lancet study:
“Paradoxically, outdoor workers have a decreased risk of melanoma compared with indoor workers. Thus suggesting that chronic sunlight exposure can have a protective effect.”
Optimizing your vitamin D through sensible sun exposure can also help protect against many internal cancers. Vitamin D3 is by all means one of the key top nutrients for skin.
The death tolls of which are far greater than melanoma.
Vitamin D is also crucial for the prevention of many chronic diseases, and has been shown to be an important criteria for longevity.
For example, a Swedish study published in 2014, which followed 29,518 middle-aged to older women for up to 20 years, found women who avoided sun exposure and tanning beds were twice as likely to die over the course of the study.
The researchers attributed this finding to the protective influence of vitamin D. As noted by the authors:
“We found that all‐cause mortality was inversely related to sun exposure habits.
The mortality rate amongst avoiders of sun exposure was approximately twofold higher compared with the highest sun exposure group.
Thus resulting in excess mortality with a population attributable risk of 3%.”
The key is to optimize your vitamin D level…
…while avoiding sunburn, as sunburn is the factor that raises your risk of skin cancer (including squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma).
As noted in one 2009 paper on vitamin D synthesis versus cancer development:
“Concerning MM [malignant melanoma], numerous epidemiological investigations analyzing solar UV-exposure parameters have consistently reported an association between the development of MM and short-term intense UV-exposure, particularly burning in childhood.
It was comprehensively proved by many investigators that the incidence of MM increases with decreasing latitude towards the equator.
However, in contrast to short-term intense exposure, more chronic less intense exposure was not a risk factor for the development of MM.
And in fact has been found in several studies to be protective.”
Top Nutrients For Skin No.4: Vitamin E Plays Important Role in Photo-protection, but Choose Your Supplement With Care
Among the top nutrients for skin we have another vitamin that helps prevent sun-related skin damage is vitamin E, especially when combined with vitamin C.
An article on Oregon State University’s Micro nutrient Information Centre website discusses the many functions of vitamin E in skin, noting that “vitamin E can absorb the energy from UV light.
Thus, it plays important roles in photo-protection, preventing UV-induced free radical damage to skin.”
Food is your best source of vitamin E, since food contains a combination of the eight types of vitamin E.
If you’re using a supplement, there are key considerations that need to be heeded. Synthetic vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is a petrochemicals derivative and has known toxic effects.
Natural vitamin E includes a total of eight different compounds.
And having a balance of all eight helps optimize its antioxidant functions.
These compounds are divided into two groups of molecules as follows:
1.Tocopherols
a.Alpha
b.Beta
c.Gamma
d.Delta
2.Tocotrienols
a.Alpha
b.Beta
c.Gamma
d.Delta
Tocopherols are considered the “true” vitamin E, and many claim it’s the only kind that has health benefits.
Part of the problem with tocotrienols is that they simply haven’t received as much scientific attention.
In my view, it’s safe to assume you would benefit from a balance of all eight and not just one.
Synthetic vitamin E supplements typically include only alpha-tocopherol.
And research published in 2012 concluded that synthetic alpha tocopherols found in vitamin E supplements provided no discernible cancer protection.
Meanwhile gamma and delta tocopherols found in foods do help prevent colon, lung, breast and prostate cancers.
Bear in mind that a supplement will not actually tell you it’s synthetic. So you have to know what to look for on the label.
- Synthetic alpha-tocopherol is typically listed with a “dl” (i.e., dl-alpha-tocopherol)
- Non-synthetic or naturally-derived is typically listed with a “d” (d-alpha-tocopherol). Note that when vitamin E is stable by adding either succinic acid or acetic acid, the chemical name changes from tocopherol to tocopheryl (as in d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate, for example).
Vitamin E Recommendations
I strongly recommend avoiding synthetic vitamin E supplements. They proved to have toxic effects in higher amounts and/or over the long term.
Synthetic vitamin E also proved to cause an increased tumour progression and accelerated lung cancer in mice.
So, if you opt for a supplement…
…Make sure you’re getting a well-balanced all-natural vitamin E supplement, not a synthetic one.
Also look for a supplement that is free of soy, soybean oil derivatives and GMO ingredients (some of the most common GE ingredients are available in supplements are derivatives of corn, soy and cotton seed).
According to a scientific review published in 2015, a mere 21 percent of the global populations studied had a vitamin E serum level of 30 micromole per litre (μmol/L) or higher. This appears to be the thresholds above which beneficial health effects kick in.
According to the paper “100 Years of Vitamins,” a special issue in the International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research published in 2012, achieving a level of 30 μmol/L requires…
…A daily intake of 15 to 30 mg of vitamin E
A primary reason for such widespread deficiency is that most people eat a primarily processed food diet, which tends to be lacking in vitamin E and other important nutrients.
Moreover, following a low-fat diet can have the undesirable side effect of lowering your vitamin E level, as your ability to absorb the vitamin E present in the foods you eat or supplements you take is then impaired.
Since vitamin E is fat-soluble, taking it with some healthy fat, such as coconut oil or avocado, will increase its bio-availability.
Top Nutrients For Skin No.5: Green Tea Antioxidant Helps Prevent Genetic Damage in UV-Exposed Skin
The antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, has also been shown to prevent genetic damage in skin cells exposed to UV radiation.
The study, published in The Journal of Nutrition in 2011, found women who drank a beverage with green tea polyphenols (total catechin content 1,402 mg) reduced their risk of sunburn compared to controls. As reported in this study:
“Skin photo protection, structure, and function were measured at baseline (wk 0), wk 6, and wk 12. Following exposure of the skin areas to 1.25 minimal erythemal dose of radiation from a solar simulator, UV-induced erythema decreased significantly in the intervention group by 16 and 25% after 6 and 12 wk, respectively.
Skin structural characteristics that were positively affected included elasticity, roughness, scaling, density, and water homeostasis …
In summary, green tea polyphenols as a beverage proved to protect skin against harmful UV radiation and helped to improve overall skin quality of women.”
To boost the benefits of green tea further, add a squirt of lemon juice to your cup. Research has demonstrated vitamin C significantly increases the amount of tea catechins available for your body to absorb.
The addition of 30 mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to 250 ml of tea boosted EGCG recovery to 56% to 76%, while normally less than 20% of green tea catechins remain post-digestion.
Another study published in 2012 confirmed plant polyphenols in green tea “exhibit significant antioxidant, chemo preventive, and immunomodulatory effects in protecting the skin,” noting that:
“UVA radiation is far more abundant (90%) and penetrates much deeper into the epidermis and dermis of the skin.
It is weakly absorbed by DNA but reacts with other non DNA chromophores that triggers the formation of ROS which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids in the skin.
Singlet molecular oxygen produced by UVA targets DNA base guanine producing 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-odHG) which is an important marker of oxidative stress …
Additionally, stress signals created by UVR [ultraviolet radiation] trigger protective signalling responses in the cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria that lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.
Chronic and excessive UVR exposure overwhelms and depletes these cutaneous defense mechanisms.
Therefore, compounds with antioxidant and cell repair potential are promising additions to our sun protection armamentarium …
Topical application of EGCG in a hydrophilic ointment demonstrated better photo protective properties versus oral consumption in mice …
Earlier studies using topical and orally consumed GTPP [green tea polyphenols] in mice decreased UVR-induced carcinogenesis, by inhibiting the activity of chemical tumour initiators and promoters …
Chronic UV exposure cause photo aging. In vitro studies using cultured human skin fibroblasts pre-treated with GTPP showed a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced ROS …
As discussed in this paper, GTPPs have important antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and photo protective functions.
Their ability to modulate critical biochemical functions through topical and oral formulations makes GTPPs a promising candidate for chemoprevention and treatment of disease.”
Healthy Skin And Natural Sun Protection Are Created From The Inside Out
As you can see, there are many ways to improve your skin’s ability to withstand the sun’s rays, thereby allowing you to get the benefits without adding much risk.
Moreover, the key to preventing skin damage and skin cancer is to avoid burning.
As soon as your skin starts turning the lightest shade of pink (which will be relative, depending on your base skin colour), it’s time to get out of the sun or put on protective clothing.
A wide-brimmed hat to protect your face is advisable at all times.
A majority of your vitamin D production comes from exposing large areas of your body — not your face.
Topping the list of nutrients that protect your skin from sun damage is astaxanthin.
Taking somewhere between 4 mg and 12 mg daily can allow you to spend far more time outdoors without risking sunburn. Just remember — it will take a few weeks before the effects become apparent, so start early.
That said, optimizing your vitamin D and taking natural vitamin E can further add to your body’s natural sun protection, as can drinking green tea or taking an ECGC supplement.